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井盖周边道路质量通病的外在表现

External manifestations of common quality problems in surrounding roads of well covers

  1、井盖周边路面开裂破损、井盖下沉       

1. Pavement cracking and damage of manhole cover and sinking of manhole cover

2、井盖周边路面损坏的范围：

2. The scope of pavement damage around well covers.

  根据调查显示，井盖周边道路损坏范围95％以上在10～35cm范围内。

According to the survey, the damage area around the well cover is more than 95% in the range of 10 ~ 35cm.

  结论：井盖安装影响的路面范围与路面井周损坏范围是一致的，只有安装环节出现了缺陷，井周路面才会损坏。

Conclusion: The pavement area affected by the shaft cover installation is consistent with the damage area of the pavement around the well. The pavement around the well will be damaged only if there are defects in the installation links.

  常见井盖安装方法存在的致病缺陷

Common defects in installation methods of manhole covers

  缺陷1：井盖座座浆不饱满，支垫随意，井盖座下有较大或大的空隙，造成井盖坐浆层承载能力不足。

Defect 1: The slurry is not full, the support cushion is arbitrary, there is a large or large gap under the well cover, resulting in insufficient bearing capacity of the well cover slurry seam.

  缺陷2：井盖座座浆材料强度不足。

Defect 2: the strength of the material of the seat cover is insufficient.

  缺陷3：安装槽内填充材料随意，未使用砼或没有全部使用砼。

Defect 3: filling material in the installation tank is optional, no concrete is used or all concrete is not used.

  造成井盖安装质量缺陷的几种常见操作：

Several common operations that cause quality defects in manhole cover installation:

  操作1：先铺水泥砂浆，后座上井盖，再浇周边混凝土。（有人甚至不浇混凝土，只用水泥砂浆）此种方法的弊病为不易准确调整井盖高程，须反复调整，水泥砂浆不易与井盖座接触密实，造成安装空隙。

Operation 1: first lay cement mortar, cover the back seat, and then pour the surrounding concrete. The disadvantage of this method is that it is not easy to accurately adjust the height of the well cover and must be adjusted repeatedly. The cement mortar is not easy to contact with the well cover pedestal tightly, resulting in installation voids.

  操作2：先把井盖用垫块调好高程，后填塞水泥砂浆，然后浇注周边混凝土。

Operation 2: Firstly adjust the height of the well cover with cushion block, then fill the cement mortar, and then pour the surrounding concrete.

  此种安装方法的弊病在于当井盖座与井筒安装基面间距离偏小时，混凝土不易贯入和灌满；用手工塞水泥砂浆也不易塞严塞实。难以保证质量，造成座浆体强度不足。目前道路上井盖下沉量大的毛病多为此种安装方法产生。

The disadvantage of this installation method is that when the distance between the shaft cover and the shaft installation base is small, the concrete is not easy to penetrate and fill, and the cement mortar is not easy to plug and compact by hand. It is difficult to guarantee the quality, resulting in insufficient strength of the slurry. At present, most of the defects in the well cover on the road are caused by this installation method.

  操作3：在带有混凝土井盖座圈的井盖安装时，铸铁井盖座下不做水泥砂浆或只用铁片、钢筋头儿在井盖座下支垫，然后浇周边混凝土。

Operation 3: When installing the well cover with the concrete well cover seat ring, the cement mortar is not made under the cast iron well cover seat, or only the iron sheet and the steel bar head are used to support the cushion under the well cover seat, and then the surrounding concrete is poured.

  这种操作方法造成铸铁井盖坐下有空隙，井盖座在车辆荷载下产生变形或竖向位移。带有混凝土井盖座圈的检查井井盖安装时，先需安装混凝土井盖座圈，在座圈下座水泥砂浆。

This method of operation causes the cast iron shaft cover to have the gap under the seat, the shaft cover seat produces the deformation or the vertical displacement under the vehicle load. When installing the inspection well cover with the concrete well cover seat ring, it is necessary to install the concrete well cover seat ring and the cement mortar under the seat ring.

  此操作方法易造成座浆不密实，造成混凝土井盖座圈在投入使用后失稳，带动整个井盖失稳。

This operation method is easy to cause the slurry is not compact, resulting in the use of concrete shaft cover seat ring instability, leading to the whole shaft cover instability.

  检查井井盖安装不规范产生的原因

Causes for irregular installation of manhole covers in inspection wells

  原因1：目前的道路工程及管线工程的施工规范中没有铸铁检查井井盖安装的标准工艺，安装方法多种多样。

Reason 1: There is no standard process for cast iron inspection well cover installation in the current construction codes of road and pipeline engineering. There are various installation methods.

  原因2：操作工人在井盖安装施工往往独立作业，有较强的随意性。

Reason 2: operators in the manhole cover installation construction often independent operation, has a strong randomness.

  原因3：安装过程中，缺少检查监督环节；安装完成后，质量不易检查，有无隐患不易判断。

Reason 3: Installation process, the lack of inspection and supervision links; after installation, quality is not easy to check, whether there are hidden dangers are not easy to judge.

  原因4：有不少施工单位不清楚排水规范的井盖安装规定.

Reason 4: many construction units do not know the drainage standards of the manhole cover installation requirements.

  结论：缺乏一个统一的、科学的、合理的铸铁检查井井盖标准安装工艺是产生检查井井盖安装缺陷的根本原因。

Conclusion: The lack of a unified, scientific and reasonable standard installation process for cast iron inspection well cover is the fundamental reason for the defects in the installation of the inspection well cover.